During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including
cell–cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of …

The programmable nature of smart textiles makes them an indispensable part of an
emerging new technology field. Smart textile‐integrated microelectronic systems (STIMES) …

Artificial muscles may accelerate the development of robotics, haptics, and prosthetics.
Although advances in polymer-based actuators have delivered unprecedented strengths …

Although guest-filled carbon nanotube yarns provide record performance as torsional and
tensile artificial muscles, they are expensive, and only part of the muscle effectively …

Actuation is essential for artificial machines to interact with their surrounding environment
and to accomplish the functions for which they are designed. Over the past few decades …

Animals exploit the deformability of soft structures to move efficiently in complex natural
environments. These soft structures are inherently compliant and enable large strains in …

Lightweight artificial muscle fibers that can match the large tensile stroke of natural muscles
have been elusive. In particular, low stroke, limited cycle life, and inefficient energy …

As simulators of organisms in Nature, soft robots have been developed over the past few
decades. In particular, biohybrid robots constructed by integrating living cells with soft …

Classic rotating engines are powerful and broadly used but are of complex design and
difficult to miniaturize. It has long remained challenging to make large-stroke, high-speed …

Rapid development of wearable electronics with various functionalities has stimulated the
demand to construct functional fiber devices due to their merits of mechanical flexibility …