SUMMARY A syndemic is defined as the convergence of two or more diseases that act
synergistically to magnify the burden of disease. The intersection and syndemic interaction …

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a burgeoning global health crisis mainly affecting
economically active young adults, and has high mortality irrespective of HIV status. In some …

This report updates and combines earlier versions of guidelines for the prevention and
treatment of opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV-infected adults (ie, persons aged> 18 years) …

Background The epidemics of HIV-1 and tuberculosis in South Africa are closely related.
High mortality rates in co-infected patients have improved with antiretroviral therapy, but …

Two-thirds of the world's HIV-infected people live in sub-Saharan Africa, and more than 1.5
million of them die annually. As access to antiretroviral treatment has expanded within the …

Abstract (See the editorial commentary Lawn and Wood, on pages 1384–1387.)
Background. The optimal time to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human …

Tuberculosis (TB), smoking, HIV and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
burgeoning epidemics in developing countries. The link between TB and HIV is well …

Immune reconstitution disease (IRD) in HIV-infected patients is an adverse consequence of
the restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses during the initial months of highly …

Background: The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on survival among patients
coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) has not been well established. Methods: A …

The determinants of Xpert MTB/RIF sensitivity, a widely used PCR test for the diagnosis of
tuberculosis (TB) are poorly understood. We compared culture time-to-positivity (TTP; a …