Thirty years ago, one of the first types of CD4+ T regulatory cells was discovered and named
T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells. Tr1 cells represent a distinct population of T cells, which are …

abstract Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the mainstay treatment for the cure of
allergic disorders, with depicted efficacy and safety by several trials and meta-analysis. AIT …

Honey bees can be found all around the world and fulfill key pollination roles within their
natural ecosystems, as well as in agriculture. Most species are typically docile, and most …

IgE-mediated food allergies are caused by adverse immunologic responses to food proteins.
Allergic reactions may present locally in different tissues such as skin, gastrointestinal and …

Natural products and their derivatives are known to be useful for treating numerous diseases
since ancient times. Because of their high therapeutic potentials, the use of different …

Rationale: Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tol-DCs) play essential roles in immune-related
diseases and induce immune tolerance by shaping T-cell responses. Accumulating …

The molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans have been
intensively studied in the past few decades. The demonstration of epitope-specific T cell …

The mechanisms involved in the induction of allergic sensitization by pollen are not fully
understood. Within the last few decades, findings from epidemiological and experimental …

Allergic diseases are caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to an external substance that is
normally not harmful to the body. An imbalance between type 2 immune response and …

Background Long-term follow-up of allergen-specific B cells in terms of immunoglobulin
isotype expression, plasmablast differentiation, and regulatory B (Breg) cell development …