The main challenge of dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) is that it requires
about 30 min to obtain centimeter-level accuracy or to succeed in the first ambiguity-fixing …

PPP-RTK which takes full advantages of both Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point
Positioning (PPP), is able to provide centimeter-level positioning accuracy with rapid integer …

Abstract The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites can be used to effectively speed up Precise
Point Positioning (PPP) convergence. In this study, 180 LEO satellites with a global …

This paper focuses on the contribution of the global positioning system (GPS) and BeiDou
navigation satellite system (BDS) observations to precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity …

Precise point positioning (PPP) using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely
recognized as an efficient approach for providing precise positioning services. However, its …

In recent years, in addition to the GPS constellation, the ability to utilise extra satellites
available in the GLONASS system enhanced the capabilities and possible applications of …

The use of smartphones for indoor positioning has become increasingly popular in recent
years. The cumulative error is an unavoidable problem for pedestrian dead reckoning …

The traditional PPP/INS system is still not used as widely as the DGNSS/INS system in
precise applications, although no local reference stations are required. The main reason that …

The fast motion of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites provides rapid geometric changes in a
short time, which can accelerate the initialization of precise point positioning (PPP). The …

As of 2021, a total of four different GNSS constellations–namely, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo,
and BDS-3–can be used with Full Operational Capability (FOC). In this work, the contribution …