Since 1997, bispectral index (BIS; Aspect Medical Systems Inc., Natick, MA) has been in
clinical practice and a wealth of experimental research has accumulated on its use …

The anilidopiperidine opioid remifentanil has pharmacodynamic properties similar to all
opioids; however, its pharmacokinetic characteristics are unique. Favourable …

OBJECTIVE Intraoperative localization of cortical areas for motor and language function has
been advocated to minimize postoperative neurological deficits. We report herein the results …

Background Awake craniotomy (AC) is performed for the resection of brain tumours in close
proximity to areas of eloquent brain function to maximize reduction of tumour mass and …

Background. There is an increasing trend towards performing craniotomy awake. The
challenge for the anaesthetist is to provide adequate analgesia and sedation …

IMPLICATIONS: We describe the first application of dexmedetomidine for an awake
craniotomy. Dexmedetomidine provided adequate sedation and analgesia throughout the …

Introduction This randomised, open-label, observational, multicentre, parallel group study
assessed the safety and efficacy of analgesia-based sedation using remifentanil in the …

IMPLICATIONS: The use of remifentanil and propofol when compared with fentanyl and
propofol was not different in the ability to maintain adequate sedation, analgesia, and …

Patients are selected for awake craniotomy when the planned procedure involves eloquent
areas of the brain, necessitating an awake, cooperative patient capable of undergoing …

The awake craniotomy technique was originally introduced for the surgical treatment of
epilepsy and has subsequently been used in patients undergoing surgical management of …