The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a
climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence …

Abstract The Little Ice Age (LIA), which lasted from about 1250 to 1860 AD, was likely the
coldest period of the last 8000 years. Using new documentary data and analyses of alpine …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Here is the monumental retelling of one of the most consequential chapters of human
history: the fall of the Roman Empire. The Fate of Rome is the first book to examine the …

Abstract The Azores High is a persistent atmospheric high-pressure ridge over the North
Atlantic surrounded by anticyclonic winds that steer rain-bearing weather systems and …

Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions
were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming …

Several late Quaternary studies have recorded cold and disturbed climates centred during
the mid-first millennium AD and discussed these conditions under the term 'Dark Ages Cold …

Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major source of variability in winter
atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, with large impacts on temperature …

This synthesis paper summarizes published proxy climate evidence showing the spatial and
temporal pattern of climate change through the Holocene in Arctic Canada and Greenland …

The frequency of large-scale heavy precipitation events in the European Alps is expected to
undergo substantial changes with current climate change. Hence, knowledge about the past …