My objective here is to provide a comprehensive review of recent empirical and theoretical
work on antipredator decision making. The ways in which predators influence the behavioral …

Populations of migratory birds are usually considered to be limited by conditions in breeding
or wintering areas, but some might be limited by conditions encountered on migration. This …

The Flexible Phenotype attempts a true synthesis of physiology, behaviour, and ecology by
developing an empirical argument that describes the intimate connections between …

Although both food availability and predation risk have been hypothesized to affect dolphin
habitat use and group size, no study has measured both factors concurrently to determine …

One of the classic ecological questions is how predators affect population size. This is often
assessed by measuring how many individuals are killed by a predator, yet such direct effects …

Shorebirds are the most visible inhabitants of coastal wetlands worldwide. Many undertake
spectacularly long flights between their wintering and breeding grounds, embodying the …

Predators can affect individual fitness and population and community processes through
lethal effects (direct consumption or 'density'effects), where prey is consumed, or through …

Any animal whose form or behavior facilitates the avoidance of predators or escape when
attacked by predators will have a greater probability of surviving to breed and therefore …

How foragers balance risks during foraging is a central focus of optimal foraging studies.
While diverse theoretical and empirical work has revealed how foragers should and do …

Intertidal habitats provide important feeding areas for migratory shorebirds. Anthropogenic
developments along coasts can increase ambient light levels at night across adjacent inter …