Constraining the thermal and compositional state of the mantle is crucial for deciphering the
formation and evolution of Mars. Mineral physics predicts that Mars' deep mantle is …

The two most abundant minerals in the Earth's lower mantle are bridgmanite and
ferropericlase. The bulk modulus of ferropericlase (Fp) softens as iron d-electrons transition …

Many branches of physics, chemistry and Earth sciences build complex materials from
simpler constructs: rocks are composites made up of one or more phases; phases are …

Three-dimensional models of Earth's seismic structure can be used to identify temperature-
dependent phenomena, including mineralogical phase and spin transformations, that are …

Determining compositions of low-mass exoplanets is essential in understanding their
origins. The certainty by which masses and radius are measured affects our ability to discern …

For a regular material, in a single state, the effect of increasing pressure is to produce a
linear relation between shear modulus (G), bulk modulus (K) and pressure (p). Such a …

Polarities of seismic reflections at the discontinuity atop the D" region (PdP and SdS)
indicate the sign of the velocity contrast across the D" reflector. Recent studies found PdP …

The loss of interior heat to space drives the internal dynamics of planetary bodies and
governs long term evolution. This shapes a planet's surface environment and its prospects of …

Diamonds, due to their inert and robust nature, encapsulate and preserve minerals,
recording the mantle substrate in which they form. Forming in the subcontinental lithospheric …

Hydrous phases are among the most important Earth components. They are important for a
broad suite of Earth processes, including the origin of life. From both thermodynamic and …