Understanding the hierarchy of populations from the scale of metapopulations to
mesopopulations and member local populations is fundamental to understanding the …

Cryptic species have been detected across Metazoa, and while no apparent morphological
features distinguish them, it should not impede taxonomists from formal descriptions. We …

Medusae (aka jellyfish) have multiphasic life cycles and a propensity to adapt to, and
proliferate in, a plethora of aquatic habitats, connecting them to a number of ecological and …

Recent advances in molecular sequencing technology and the increased availability of
fieldable laboratory equipment have provided researchers with the opportunity to conduct …

Snorkelers in mangrove forest waters inhabited by the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea
xamachana report discomfort due to a sensation known as stinging water, the cause of …

Abstract Background Anthozoa, Endocnidozoa, and Medusozoa are the 3 major clades of
Cnidaria. Medusozoa is further divided into 4 clades, Hydrozoa, Staurozoa, Cubozoa, and …

Introduction Botrynema, a genus of medusozoans in the trachyline family Halicreatidae,
currently contains two species: B. brucei and B. ellinorae, distinguished by the presence or …

Overlapping variation of morphological characters can lead to misinterpretation in taxonomic
diagnoses and the delimitation of different lineages. This is the case for hydrozoans that …

Background The evolution of opsin genes is of great interest because it can provide insight
into the evolution of light detection and vision. An interesting group in which to study opsins …

Abstract Aim The “sexy shrimp” Thor amboinensis is currently considered a single
circumtropical species. However, the tropical oceans are partitioned by hard and soft …