The informal provision of benefits to the poor in exchange for political support, known as
clientelism, often provides access to land and services for the urban poor in informal …

This paper builds upon the discussions on how a city may become a flexible resource for
organizing everyday lives, with the homeless not only grasping various opportunities that …

In many rapidly urbanizing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, local politics
undermines the effectiveness of urban planning. Politicians have incentives to ignore formal …

Based on a year-long study involving interviews and surveys among low-income
households in Karachi and Lahore, this article describes how participants articulated their …

Squatters have now become integral part of urban centers in most developing countries like
Pakistan, with Lahore experiencing growth of such informal settlements at its peak. A myriad …

Abstract The Taj Mahal is basically related to the idea of Islamic architecture; although the
influence of Islamic architecture on the Taj Mahal is clearly visible, traces of the influence of …

Over a billion people worldwide live in informal settlements or “slums”, according to the
United Nations, a growing figure which indicates the failure of urban planning and policy to …