Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerged coronavirus, and has been pandemic since …

Antiviral immunity is initiated upon host recognition of viral products via non-self molecular
patterns known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Such recognition …

Abstract Safety tested Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is licensed as third-generation
vaccine against smallpox and serves as a potent vector system for development of new …

Inflammasome activation leads to caspase-1 activation, which causes the maturation and
secretion of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 among other substrates. A subgroup of the NLR …

Our knowledge regarding the contribution of the innate immune system in recognizing and
subsequently initiating a host response to an invasion of RNA virus has been rapidly …

Innate immunity is the first immunological defence against pathogens. During virus infection
detection of nucleic acids is crucial for the inflammatory response. Here we identify DNA …

The demand is currently high for new vaccination strategies, particularly to help combat
problematic intracellular pathogens, such as HIV and malarial parasites. In the past decade …

Our improved understanding of how innate immune responses can be initiated and how
they can shape adaptive B‐and T‐cell responses is having a significant impact on vaccine …

Infection is a dynamic biological process underpinned by a complex interplay between the
pathogen and the host. Microbes from all domains of life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi …

Recognition of virus presence via RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I) and/or MDA5
(melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) initiates a signaling cascade that culminates …