The transcription factor Sox9 was first discovered in patients with campomelic dysplasia, a
haploinsufficiency disorder with skeletal deformities caused by dysregulation of Sox9 …

In recent years, significant advances have been made in the definition of regulatory
pathways that control normal and abnormal cardiac valve development. Here, we review the …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health epidemic that increases risk of death due to
cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important mechanism of …

Lung branching morphogenesis is a highly orchestrated process that gives rise to the
complex network of gas-exchanging units in the adult lung. Intricate regulation of signaling …

The mammalian heart is the first functional organ, the first indicator of life. Its normal
formation and function are essential for fetal life. Defects in heart formation lead to …

The transcription factor SOX9 is essential for the development of multiple organs including
bone, testis, heart, lung, pancreas, intestine and nervous system. Mutations in the human …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) increasingly afflicts our aging population. One third of
our elderly have echocardiographic or radiological evidence of calcific aortic valve sclerosis …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the developing heart contains numerous molecules that
form a dynamic environment that plays an active and crucial role in the regulation of cellular …

The importance of the epicardium for myocardial and valvuloseptal development has been
well established; perturbation of epicardial development results in cardiac abnormalities …

The valves of the heart are crucial for ensuring that blood flows in one direction from the
heart, through the lungs and back to the rest of the body. Heart valve development is …