Shape memory polymer (SMP) is an excellent smart material, which can sense and perform
active shape change as preprogrammed. So far, there are a wide variety of stimulus …

Dexterous locomotion, such as immediate direction change during fast movement or shape
reconfiguration to perform diverse tasks, are essential animal survival strategies which have …

Responsive soft materials, with unique advantages of light weight, flexibility and large
deformation upon activation, have attracted extensive attention in the fields of aerospace …

This work aims to study the shape recovery of aramid fiber-reinforced shape-memory epoxy
resin composite (SMERs). A circular tube can be assumed to be composed of a pair of …

Twisting plays an important role in fabricating twisted actuators and energy harvesters,
which require excellent microstructural deformation and interaction properties between …

Multimaterial (MM) 3D printing shows great potential for application in metamaterials,
flexible electronics, biomedical devices and robots, since it can seamlessly integrate …

The emergence of bionic soft robots has led to an increased demand for bionic soft actuating
ends. In this study, a three-dimensional spiral water hydraulic soft actuator (3D-SWHSA) …

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the research in soft actuators that
exhibit complex programmable deformations. Soft electrothermal actuators use electricity as …

Lattice metamaterials exhibit diverse functions and complex spatial deformations by rational
structural design. Here, lattice metamaterials are exploited to design pneumatic soft robots …

In the soft gripper design work, most of the designs such as gripping width and the design of
finger actuator are purely based on experience, and repeated trial-and-error. In most …