The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to
its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate …

The metabolically hostile tumour microenvironment imposes barriers to tumour-infiltrating
immune cells and impedes durable clinical remission following immunotherapy. Metabolic …

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) are crucial cell populations involved in tumor immune
escape, and their functions are regulated by multiple epigenetic mechanisms. The precise …

Metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer malignancy. The
molecular mechanisms by which the tumor glycolysis pathway promotes immune evasion …

CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, although vital for immune homeostasis, also represent a major
barrier to anti-cancer immunity, as the tumour microenvironment (TME) promotes the …

Gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in human cancers result in the
production of d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2HG), an oncometabolite that promotes tumorigenesis …

Lactate is abundant in rapidly dividing cells owing to the requirement for elevated glucose
catabolism to support proliferation,,,,–. However, it is not known whether accumulated lactate …

Lactate has long been considered a cellular waste product. However, we found that as
extracellular lactate accumulates, it also enters the mitochondrial matrix and stimulates …

The metabolic stress occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hampers T cell anti-
tumor immunity by disturbing T cell metabolic and epigenetic programs. Recent studies are …