Now revised and updated, this widely used text comprehensively reviews theories of
addiction to give students and professionals a multidisciplinary foundation for clinical …

Acamprosate is one of the few medications licensed for prevention of relapse in alcohol
dependence, and over time it has proved to be significantly, if moderately, effective, safe and …

Summary Since 1997 the US National Institute on Drug Abuse has advocated a brain
disease model of addiction (BDMA). We assess the strength of evidence for the BDMA in …

The British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines for the treatment of substance
abuse, harmful use, addiction and comorbidity with psychiatric disorders primarily focus on …

Abnormalities of the physiological reward system are believed to play a major part in many
serious psychiatric disorders, such as substance abuse, pathological gambling, and major …

Stress and anxiety play an important role in the development and maintenance of drug and
alcohol addiction. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a brain region involved in …

Psychoactive preparations of Cannabis sativa, such as marijuana and hashish, have been
used for centuries for medicinal, religious and recreational purposes. Today marijuana is the …

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality.
Epidemiological trends indicate recent and predicted increases in the burden of disease …

Drug addiction represents a major social problem where addicts and alcoholics continue to
seek and take drugs despite adverse social, personal, emotional, and legal consequences …

Substance dependence is complex and multifactorial, with many distinct pathways involved
in both the development and subsequent maintenance of addictive behaviors. Various …