Alcohol is widely consumed across the world. It is consumed in both social and cultural
settings. Until recently, two types of alcohol consumption were recognized: heavy chronic …

While recent laboratory-based studies have substantially advanced our understanding of the
action of vitamin D in the brain, much is still unknown concerning how vitamin D relates to …

Background Alcohol is an important nonessential component of diet, but the overall impact
of drinking on bone health, especially at moderate levels, is not well understood. Bone …

Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of
life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for …

Alcohol is a legal and yet detrimental psychoactive substance, capable of establishing
addiction and impacting the physical, mental, social, and economic health of people. Alcohol …

Given that the liver is involved in many metabolic mechanisms, it is not surprising that
chronic liver disease (CLD) could have numerous complications. Secondary osteoporosis …

Background Increasing attention to liver-bone crosstalk has spurred interest in targeted
interventions for various forms of osteoporosis. Liver injury induced by different liver …

Purpose Liver diseases are associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and
evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects several extra …

Almost all patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) show altered bone metabolism.
Depending on the etiology, this manifests in a severe osteoporosis in up to 75% of the …

Alcohol consumption is regarded as one of the leading risk factors for secondary
osteopenia. Coupled angiogenesis and osteogenesis via distinct type‐H vessels …