Corruption is attracting a lot of attention around the world. This paper surveys and discusses
issues related to the causes, consequences, and scope of corruption, and possible …

As is increasingly recognised in academic literature and by international organisations,
corruption acts as a major deterrent to growth and development. The aim of this survey is to …

Using the multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) approach, this paper generates a novel
global database by estimating the size of the shadow economy for 157 countries over 1991 …

We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and
new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for …

Mounting environmental pressures led China to focus on the effectiveness of the
environmental regulation to control pollution. Since the shadow economy, or underground …

In developing countries, informal firms account for up to half of economic activity. They
provide livelihood for billions of people. Yet their role in economic development remains …

Why do some societies manage to control corruption so that it manifests itself only
occasionally, while other societies remain systemically corrupt? This book is about how …

How, despite thirty years of effort, Soviet attempts to build a national computer network were
undone by socialists who seemed to behave like capitalists. Between 1959 and 1989, Soviet …

The multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) method is a well-established tool for
measuring informal economic activity. However, it has been criticized because GDP is used …

This paper presents estimations of the shadow economies for 162 countries, including
developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, and high income OECD countries over 1999 …