Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the
mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure …

Since the licensing of the first monoclonal antibody therapy in 1986, monoclonal antibodies
have become the largest class of biopharmaceuticals with over 80 antibodies currently …

Antibody display technologies enable the successful isolation of antigen-specific antibodies
with therapeutic potential. The key feature that facilitates the selection of an antibody with …

Single‐domain antibodies (sdAbs), the autonomous variable domains of camelid and shark
heavy‐chain antibodies, have many desirable properties as components of biologic drugs …

The B cell receptor and secreted antibody are at the nexus of humoral adaptive immunity. In
this review, we summarize what is known of the immunoglobulin genes of jawed …

Since the discovery of camelid heavy-chain antibodies in 1993, there has been tremendous
excitement for these antibody domains (VHHs/sdAbs/nanobodies) as research tools …

Despite rapid and ongoing vaccine and therapeutic development, SARS-CoV-2 continues to
evolve and evade, presenting a need for next-generation diverse therapeutic modalities …

Each year, millions of humans fall victim to animal envenomings, which may either be
deadly or cause permanent disability to the effected individuals. The Nobel Prize-winning …

Peptides and small protein scaffolds are gaining increasing interest as therapeutics.
Similarly to full-length antibodies, they can bind a target with a high binding affinity and …

Owing to peculiar properties of nanobody, including nanoscale size, robust structure, stable
and soluble behaviors in aqueous solution, reversible refolding, high affinity and specificity …