Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health issue with high social and
economic costs. Concomitant chronic cardiac disorders are frequent in patients with COPD …

The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, also known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, is an
essential cellular pathway that is involved in diverse cell functions. The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3 …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. It has been projected to move from the sixth to the third most common cause of …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease
(CVD) are two major age-related diseases prevalent in the elderly. However, it is unclear …

Background Numerous epidemiologic studies have linked the presence of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to coronary artery disease (CAD). However …

Objective To estimate the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and heart
failure in community patients with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

OBJECTIVE People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been shown to be at an
increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease, but reasons for this are unknown. The aim of …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible and usually lethal lung
disease of unknown etiology. Once considered as a relatively homogeneous, slowly …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
(OSAS) are among the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorders. Accumulating data …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is а highly prevalent, complex and
heterogeneous clinical condition which is associated with significant concomitant diseases …