Aging is defined as a progressive time‐related accumulation of changes responsible for or
at least involved in the increased susceptibility to disease and death. The brain seems to be …

Sex differences are reported in hippocampal plasticity, cognition, and in a number of
disorders that target the integrity of the hippocampus. For example, meta-analyses reveal …

Aging is the most prominent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Aging associates
with a chronic inflammatory state both in the periphery and in the central nervous system, the …

Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as
neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential …

Background Minimally invasive specific biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs)
would facilitate patient selection and disease progression monitoring. We describe the …

The nervous system is a target and a source of steroids. Neuroactive steroids are steroids
that target neurons and glial cells. They include hormonal steroids originated in the …

The mitochondria have a fundamental role in both cellular energy supply and oxidative
stress regulation and are target of the effects of sex steroids, particularly the neuroprotective …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents with
cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbance. Approximately 5.5 million people in the …

Involvement of life stress in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) has been evinced in
longitudinal cohort epidemiological studies, and endocrinologic evidence suggests …

Highlights•AD disproportionally affects women in the development, progression and clinical
presentation of AD.•Our review summarized sex differences in biological change of AD from …