Calcium oxalate a highly insoluble crystalline salt of oxalic acid and calcium (CaOx) crystals
are distributed among all taxonomic levels of photosynthetic organisms from small algae to …

Conifers are long‐lived organisms, and part of their success is due to their potent defense
mechanisms. This review focuses on bark defenses, a front line against organisms trying to …

Calcium oxalate crystal formation in plants appears to play a central role in a variety of
important functions, including tissue calcium regulation, protection from herbivory, and metal …

Biomineralization is widespread in the plant kingdom. The most common types of
biominerals in plants are calcium oxalate crystals, calcium carbonate, and silica. Functions …

Understanding the mechanisms of calcium (Ca2+) deficiency disorder development in
plants has been a challenge for more than a 100 years. Previous studies support the …

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals occur as intravacuolar deposits in most angiosperm
species. Different functions have been attributed to these crystals, some of which are very …

Lemna spp. of the family Lemnaceae have been widely studied for their potential application
in phytoremediation. A few Lemna species are already being adopted to enhance natural …

Crystals of calcium oxalate have been observed among members from most taxonomic
groups of photosynthetic organisms ranging from the smallest algae to the largest trees. The …

The biomineralization process is a mechanism inherent to all organisms of the Earth.
Throughout the decades, diverse works have reported that the origin of life is tied to crystals …

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals were studied in the secondary phloem of 46 conifer species
from six families to characterize their distribution relative to defense.• Scanning electron …