BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature—one that seeks to transform decades of
underwhelming responses to the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

Debate about what proportion of the Earth to protect often overshadows the question of how
nature should be conserved and by whom. We present a systematic review and narrative …

The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods for Social-Ecological Systems provides a
synthetic guide to the range of methods that can be employed in social-ecological systems …

The ocean contains unique biodiversity, provides valuable food resources and is a major
sink for anthropogenic carbon. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an effective tool for …

Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the
effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being promoted as an ocean-based climate
solution. However, such claims remain controversial because of the diffuse and poorly …

First introduced in the early 2000s, the concept of ocean literacy has evolved in recent years,
not least since its inclusion as a mechanism for change within the United Nations Ocean …

Land tenure security is increasingly recognized as a foundational element for advancing
global sustainable development agendas, but questions remain about how it affects human …