Approximately 6% of flowering plant species possess flowers with anthers that open through
small pores or slits. Extracting pollen from this type of specialised flower is achieved most …

Buzz-pollinated plants require visitation from vibration producing bee species to elicit full
pollen release. Several important food crops are buzz-pollinated including tomato, eggplant …

Over 22,000 species of biotically pollinated flowering plants, including some major
agricultural crops, depend primarily on bees capable of floral sonication for pollination …

Numerous animal species can survive in human-modified habitats, but often display
behavioral, morphological, physiological or genetic plasticity compared to non-urban …

Buzz pollination encompasses the evolutionary convergence of specialized floral
morphologies and pollinator behaviour in which bees use vibrations (floral buzzes) to …

Pollen is the primary protein and nutrient source for bees and they employ many different
behaviors to gather it. Numerous terms have been coined to describe pollen gathering …

Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are important pollinators, yet rapidly declining globally. In North
America some species are thriving while others are nearing extinction. Recognizing subtle …

Buzz pollination, a type of interaction in which bees use vibrations to extract pollen from
certain kinds of flowers, captures a close relationship between thousands of bee and plant …

Body size is an important trait linking pollinators and plants. Morphological matching
between pollinators and plants is thought to reinforce pollinator fidelity, as the correct fit …

One of the reasons why flowering plants became the most diverse group of land plants is
their association with animals to reproduce. The earliest examples of this mutualism …