The NOP receptor (nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptor) is the most recently
discovered member of the opioid receptor family and, together with its endogenous ligand …

Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

Identification of the enigmatic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) in 1995 represented
the first successful use of reverse pharmacology and led to deorphanization of the N/OFQ …

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

Analgesic design and evaluation have been driven by the desire to create high-affinity high-
selectivity mu (μ)-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonists. Such ligands are the mainstay of …

Abstract Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized
in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and …

Our basic thesis is that depression is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in mammalian
brains, selected as a shutdown mechanism to terminate protracted separation distress (a …

In the two decades since the discovery of the nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) and its
ligand, nociceptin/orphaninFQ (N/OFQ), steady progress has been achieved in …

Opioid use in the United States has steadily risen since the 1990s, along with staggering
increases in addiction and overdose fatalities. With this surge in prescription and illicit opioid …

The advance of functional genomics revealed the superfamily of G-protein coupled
receptors (GPCRs). Hundreds of GPCRs have been cloned but many of them are orphan …