There has been an escalation in reports over the last decade examining the efficacy of bone
marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) in bone tissue engineering and …

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) family forms a group of three isoforms, TGF‐β1,
TGF‐β2, and TGF‐β3, with their structure formed by interrelated dimeric polypeptide chains …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic stromal stem cells that have many
sources, such as bone marrow, periosteum, vessel walls, adipose, muscle, tendon …

Significance: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a key role in fracture repair by
differentiating to become bone-forming osteoblasts and cartilage-forming chondrocytes …

Objectives Over the past decades, many studies focused on mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) therapy for bone regeneration. Due to the efficiency of topical application has been …

Human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays important roles in development and
regeneration of skeletal muscles and bones but requires daily injections or surgical …

Growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) support consolidation of bone defects.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) has been used clinically and experimentally, but the …

Compromised bone-regenerating capability following a long bone fracture is often the result
of reduced host bone marrow (BM) progenitor cell numbers and efficacy. Without surgical …

Fracture nonunion, a serious bone fracture complication, remains a challenge in clinical
practice. Although the molecular pathogenesis of nonunion remains unclear, a better …

Background & Objective: Bone defects caused by bone fractures, malformations,
postoperation on tumor and even periodontitis have became serious clinical problems …