Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic heavy metal after arsenic (As), which has no role in
biological systems. Pb toxicity causes a range of damages to plants from germination to …

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil and food crops is a ubiquitous environmental problem
that has resulted from uncontrolled industrialization, unsustainable urbanization and …

The application of carbon-based materials (CBMs) for heavy metal polluted soil remediation
has gained growing interest due to their versatile properties and excellent remediation …

Increasing soil pollution problems have caused world-wide concerns. Large numbers of
contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum and related …

Unlike organic contaminants, metal (loid) s do not undergo microbial or chemical
degradation and persist for a long time after their introduction. Bioavailability of metal (loid) s …

The combination of biochar and compost has been proven to be effective in heavy metals
contaminated wetland soil restoration. However, the influence of different proportions …

Biochars are biological residues combusted under low oxygen conditions, resulting in a
porous, low density carbon rich material. Their large surface areas and cation exchange …

As land application becomes one of the important waste utilization and disposal practices,
soil is increasingly being seen as a major source of metal (loid) s reaching food chain …

Since their introduction in the late 1970s, sequential extraction procedures have
experienced a rapid increase in use. They are now applied for a large number of potentially …

The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which
notably include in situ contaminant stabilization (“inactivation”) and plant-based (generally …