Marine biofouling has negatively affected human sailing since ancient times. Traditional
antifouling coatings were banned worldwide in 2003 due to their toxicity towards nontarget …

Marine biofouling is a well-known massive problem: within the shortest time, ship hulls and
other man-made submerged surfaces are inevitably populated by various marine …

While nature has optimized its antifouling strategies over millions of years, synthetic
antifouling coatings have not yet reached technological maturity. For an antifouling coating …

In the course of evolution nature has arrived at startling materials solutions to ensure
survival. Investigations into biological surfaces, ranging from plants, insects and geckos to …

Marine fouling is one of the major challenges facing humanity in marine industrial
production and transport activities. Traditional antifouling coatings use toxic antifouling …

Marine biofouling is a ubiquitous problem that accompanies human marine activities and
marine industries. It exerts detrimental impacts on the economy, environment, ecology, and …

Biofouling is the undesired deposition and growth of microorganisms on surfaces, forming
biofilms. The definition is subjective and operational: not every biofilm causes biofouling …

Marine biofouling remains one of the key challenges for maritime industries, both for
seafaring and stationary structures. Currently used biocide-based approaches suffer from …

Biofouling on surfaces immersed in aquatic environment induces catastrophic corrosion of
metallic materials in petrochemical infrastructures, maritime facilities, and power plants. To …

Background Since the inception of the term “Biomimetics” in 1991, the concept of utilizing
natural solutions or deriving inspiration from nature to address contemporary engineering …