Standard practice in the dairy industry is to separate the calf and dam immediately after birth
and raise calves in individual pens during the milk-feeding period. In nature and in extensive …

In recent years, an increasing number of farmers are choosing to keep their cows indoors
throughout the year. Indoor housing of cows allows farmers to provide high-yielding …

Many contemporary dairy cattle housing practices are at odds with societal perceptions of
positive animal welfare. The public (ie, those external to the dairy industry) typically …

Abstract This Scientific Opinion addresses a European Commission request on the welfare
of calves as part of the Farm to Fork strategy. EFSA was asked to provide a description of …

Rodents and primates deprived of early social contact exhibit deficits in learning and
behavioural flexibility. They often also exhibit apparent signs of elevated anxiety, although …

Domestic cows (Bos taurus) are consumed worldwide as beef and veal, kept as dairy
product producers, employed as draft animals in labor, and are used for a long list of other …

Cold stress negatively affects the welfare of calves in outdoor hutches. No studies have
examined the potential benefits of pair housing calves to buffer against cold stress. Our …

Dairy calf welfare concerns are growing and new evidence suggests that the early life
environment influences appropriate physical, behavioral, and cognitive development lasting …

Impoverished housing environments are thought to prevent motivated behaviors and may
result in frustration. We first aimed to investigate an effective physical enrichment protocol to …

Simple Summary Although cows and calves are typically separated at birth in intensive dairy
farming, socially housing dairy calves provides an opportunity for social bonding. When …