Heliorhodopsins (HeRs) are a family of rhodopsins that was recently discovered using
functional metagenomics. They are widely present in bacteria, archaea, algae and algal …

The recently discovered rhodopsin family of heliorhodopsins (HeRs) is abundant in diverse
microbial environments. So far, the functional and biological roles of HeRs remain unknown …

Heliorhodopsin releases a proton from the Schiff base during the L-state to M-state transition
but not toward the protein bulk surface. Here we investigate proton transfer and induced …

Light quality is a significant factor for living organisms that have photosensory systems, such
as rhodopsin, a seven alpha-helical transmembrane protein with the retinal chromophore …

Within the microbial rhodopsin family, heliorhodopsins (HeRs) form a phylogenetically
distinct group of light-harvesting retinal proteins with largely unknown functions. We have …

The first microbial rhodopsin, a light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin from
Halobacterium salinarum (Hs BR), was discovered in 1971. Since then, this seven-α-helical …

Heliorhodopsin (HeR), a recently discovered new rhodopsin family, contains a single
counterion of the protonated Schiff base, E108 in HeR from Thermoplasmatales archaeon …

Heliorhodopsin (HeR) is a seven-helical transmembrane protein with a retinal chromophore
that corresponds to a new rhodopsin family. HeR from the archaebacterium …

Rhodopsins are light-responsive proteins forming two vast and evolutionary distinct
superfamilies whose functions are invariably triggered by the photoisomerization of a single …

Microbial rhodopsins comprise an opsin protein with seven transmembrane helices and a
retinal as the chromophore. An all-trans retinal is covalently bonded to a lysine residue …