Hypoparathyroidism is a disease characterized by inadequately low circulating
concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in low calcium levels and increased …

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) refer to a spectrum of
structural renal malformations and are the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in …

Recent advances in understanding the epidemiology, genetics, diagnosis, clinical
presentations, skeletal involvement, and therapeutic approaches to hypoparathyroidism led …

A 58-year-old man is found on laboratory testing to have a serum calcium level of 6.0 mg per
deciliter (normal range, 8.5 to 10.5), an albumin level of 3.9 g per deciliter, and a …

The GATA family of transcription factors consists of six proteins (GATA1-6) which are
involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GATA1/2/3 are required …

The zinc-finger transcription factor GATA-3 has received much attention as a master
regulator of T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, during which it controls interleukin-4 (IL-4) …

Many embryonic organs undergo branching morphogenesis to maximize their functional
epithelial surface area. Branching morphogenesis requires the coordinated interplay of …

CD4+ T helper cells regulate appropriate cellular and humoral immune responses to a wide
range of pathogens and get involved in many diseases progress. The balance of the earliest …

Background Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by
hypocalcemia and low or undetectable levels of parathyroid hormone. Methods This review …

The leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children is attributed to congenital
anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Familial clustering and mouse models …