The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
(G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a variety of distinct disease processes that
permanently change the function and structure of the kidney across months or years. CKD is …

Background Hypoxia is a major cause of beta cell death and dysfunction after
transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from …

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers pose a significant pharmacological challenge for
researchers in terms of the discovery of molecular agents and the development of targeted …

Astrocytes are key glial cells for the metabolic and functional support of the brain.
Mitochondrial quality control (MQC), in particular the balance between mitophagy and …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) most commonly appears in critically ill patients in hospitals. AKI is
characterized as a quick deterioration of kidney function and has recently been identified to …

Diabetes is an increasing health problem and associated with inflammatory complications
that seriously affects the quality of life and survival of patients. Carbon monoxide (CO) …

As an essential gasotransmitter, carbon monoxide (CO) had gradually become a research
hotspot in that it possessed important physiological functions and unique pharmacological …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction
of pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells. The primary treatment for T1D is multiple daily …

Acute kidney injury (AKI), which is defined as a rapid decline of renal function, becomes
common and recently recognized to be closely intertwined with chronic kidney diseases …