Immune responses to pathogens are complex and not well understood in many diseases,
and this is especially true for infections by persistent pathogens. One mechanism that allows …

T cells mediate effector functions through a variety of mechanisms. Recently, multiparameter
flow cytometry has allowed a simultaneous assessment of the phenotype and multiple …

Lung granulomas are the pathologic hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). T cells are a major
cellular component of TB lung granulomas and are known to play an important role in …

Tuberculosis is primarily a disease of the lung, and dissemination of the disease depends
on productive infection of this critical organ. Upon aerosol infection with Mycobacterium …

All tuberculosis vaccines currently in clinical trials are designed as prophylactic vaccines
based on early expressed antigens. We have developed a multistage vaccination strategy in …

With 1.4 million deaths and 8.7 million new cases in 2011, tuberculosis (TB) remains a
global health care problem and together with HIV and Malaria represents one of the three …

Here, we report on a first-in-man trial where the tuberculosis (TB) vaccine Ag85B-ESAT-6
(H1) was adjuvanted with escalating doses of a novel liposome adjuvant CAF01. On their …

Rationale: Immunogenicity of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is commonly assessed by
measuring the frequency and cytokine expression profile of T cells. Objectives: We tested …

Recent developments in the use of viruses as vaccine vectors have been facilitated by a
better understanding of viral biology. Advances occur as we gain greater insight into the …

Improved vaccines capable of promoting long-term cellular immunity are urgently required
for a number of diseases that remain global health problems. In the present study, we …