In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Advancements in polymer science and engineering have helped the scientific community to
shift its attention towards the use of environmentally benign materials for reducing the …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

As a kind of smart material, shape memory polymer (SMP) shows great application potential
in the biomedical field. Compared with traditional metal‐based medical devices, SMP …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their
endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to …

Bioprinting is an innovative and emerging technology of additive manufacturing (AM) and
has revolutionized the biomedical sector by printing three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden …

The development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new
dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could …

Shape‐memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and
adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These …

Bioactive materials developed through three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology
exhibit static nature and don't respond to the dynamic changes occurred in the human body …