Since test items are the building blocks of any test, learning how to develop and validate test
items has always been critical to the teaching-learning process. As they grow in importance …

Introducing English for Specific Purposes presents the key concepts and practices of ESP in
a modern, balanced, and comprehensive way. This book defines ESP and shows how the …

This comprehensive, interdisciplinary handbook reviews the latest methods and
technologies used in automated essay evaluation (AEE). Highlights include the latest in the …

Item response theory (IRT) models for human ratings aim to represent item and rater
characteristics by item and rater parameters. First, an overview of different IRT models (many …

Fair performance assessment requires consideration of the effects of rater severity on
scoring. The many-facet Rasch model (MFRM), an item response theory model that …

Classroom observation of teachers is a significant part of educational measurement;
measurements of teacher practice are being used in teacher evaluation systems across the …

Researchers and practitioners sometimes presume that using a previously “validated”
instrument will produce “valid” scores; however, contemporary views of validity suggest that …

In this paper, we provide an overview of psychometric procedures and guidelines
Educational Testing Service (ETS) uses to evaluate automated essay scoring for operational …

Ratings externer Beobachter werden oft als' Königsweg'zur Erfassung von
Unterrichtsqualität beschrieben. In der Unterrichtsforschung existieren bislang allerdings nur …

Using a rater cognition approach, three extant datasets from recent divergent thinking
research were used to analyze the use of subjective processes to rate the quality of ideas …