Biodiversity underlies ecosystem resilience, ecosystem function, sustainable economies,
and human well‐being. Understanding how biodiversity sustains ecosystems under …

Anthropogenic climate change and environmental degradation destroy coral reefs, the
ecosystem services they provide, and the livelihoods of close to a billion people who …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) ameliorate environmental stress, but whether
they can prevent mortality and the underlying host response mechanisms remains elusive …

Coral reef ecosystems have suffered an unprecedented loss of habitat-forming hard corals
in recent decades. While marine conservation has historically focused on passive habitat …

This Report responds to the invitation for IPCC?... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the
impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global …

A consequence of climate change is the increased frequency and severity of extreme heat
waves. This is occurring now as most of the warmest summers and most intense heat waves …

Although the early coral reef-bleaching warning system (NOAA/USA) is established, there is
no feasible treatment that can minimize temperature bleaching and/or disease impacts on …

Maintaining coral reef ecosystems is a social imperative, because so many people depend
on coral reefs for food production, shoreline protection, and livelihoods. The survival of reefs …

The Paris Agreement target of limiting global surface warming to 1.5–2° C compared to pre-
industrial levels by 2100 will still heavily impact the ocean. While ambitious mitigation and …