The growth in the number of chronic non-communicable diseases in the second half of the
past century and in the first two decades of the new century is largely due to the disruption of …

Recent advances in the development of therapeutic antibodies (Abs) have greatly improved
the treatment of otherwise drug-resistant cancers and autoimmune diseases. Antibody …

Given the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and the development
and implementation of mass vaccination, data are being obtained by analyzing vaccination …

Decrypting the B cell ontogeny of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) is
paramount for vaccine design. Here, we characterized IgA and IgG bNAbs of three distinct B …

Introduction: Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4H) catalyse the irreversible conversion of proline to
hydroxyproline, constituting a common posttranslational modification of proteins found in …

Objectives A substantial proportion of RA patients flare upon withdrawal of DMARDs, and
thus the definition of prognostic markers is crucial. ACPA positivity has been identified as a …

Members of the Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family modulate B and T cell responses, yet their
functional roles remain enigmatic. Nevertheless, FCRL3 promoter polymorphism that alters …

Background IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin at the mucosal surface and although
its role in regulating mucosal immunity is not fully understood, its presence is associated …

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) can travel to and from the lumen and transport antigen to
subepithelial cells. However, IgM can also multimerize into functional secretory component …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is important in biological defense, mainly in the mucosal area, and
plays pathogenic roles in various diseases by activating both inflammatory and structural …