Although the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has decreased the deaths associated
with the immune deficiency acquired syndrome (AIDS), non-AIDS conditions have emerged …

Abstract The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL-17F, play
important protective roles in host immune response to a variety of infections such as …

Bacterial translocation across the damaged mucosal epithelium has emerged as a major
paradigm for chronic immune activation observed during HIV infection. T helper 17 (Th17) …

Background Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by the presence of
dysfunctional exhausted CD8+ T cells that hamper viral control. We investigated the …

Immune activation is the hallmark of HIV infection, even in patients with highly active anti-
retroviral therapy (HAART)-induced viral suppression. A major cause of immune activation …

Current advances in immunology have led to the identification of a population of novel
innate immune T cells, called mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. The cells in …

Fungal infections have skyrocketed in immune-compromised patients lacking CD4+ T cells,
underscoring the need for vaccine prevention. An understanding of the elements that …

Background: HIV infection is associated with increased ratio between kynurenine and
tryptophan (KTR) in plasma, increased microbial translocation, expansion of regulatory T …

The term Tc17 cells refers to interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing CD8+ T cells. While IL-17 is an
important mediator of mucosal defense, it is also centrally involved in driving the …

Background: HIV-infected immunological nonresponders fail to immune reconstitute despite
optimal treatment. We hypothesized that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in …