Background Access to medicines without prescription is a major contributing factor for self-
medication practices. This study was designed to examine the ratio of non-prescribed …

Objectives: Codeine dependence is a significant public health problem, motivating the
recent rescheduling of codeine in Australia (1 February 2018). To provide information for …

This chapter will present background contextual information in relation to codeine use,
misuse and dependence. It will described what codeine is, its uses in 'normal'medical …

Background and aims Codeine is the most commonly used opioid in the world, and is
available over the counter (OTC) in many countries, including Australia. Several countries …

Chronic morphine therapy has been associated with paradoxically increased pain. Codeine
is a widely used opioid, which is metabolized to morphine to elicit analgesia. Prolonged …

Fixed‐dose combination analgesics are used widely, and available both on prescription and
over‐the‐counter. Combination drugs should provide more analgesia than with any single …

Codeine is a widely used analgesic, that is available for sale in pharmacies over the counter
(OTC) in a number of countries including the UK, South Africa, Ireland, France and Australia …

Chronic pain is a pathological condition that results in significant loss of life quality, but so far
no specific treatment for chronic pain has been developed. Currently available analgesia …

Introduction Misuse of paracetamol, codeine and doxylamine combination analgesics may
lead to addiction and mortality. This study aimed to (1) identify unintentional deaths in …

Objectives: Recently, there has been considerable policy and public interest in the
availability of over-the-counter (OTC) codeine. Case reports demonstrating severe harm …