Endocrine pituitary cells are neuronlike; they express numerous voltage-gated sodium,
calcium, potassium, and chloride channels and fire action potentials spontaneously …

Enhancers are distal regulatory elements that can activate tissue-specific gene expression
and are abundant throughout mammalian genomes. Although substantial progress has …

Though l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is universally employed for alleviation of
motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is poorly-effective against co-morbid …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of drug targets. Upon
activation, GPCRs signal primarily via a diverse set of heterotrimeric G proteins. Most …

Dopamine receptors belong to the large family of heptahelical transmembrane spanning G
protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Five mammalian dopamine receptor subtypes have …

Arrestins mediate desensitization and internalization of G protein-coupled receptors and
also direct receptor signaling toward heterotrimeric G protein-independent signaling …

Human dopamine D 2long and D 3 receptors were modified by N-terminal addition of SNAP
or CLIP forms of O 6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase plus a peptide epitope tag. Cells …

Dopamine D2 receptors signal through the pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi/o and PTX-
insensitive Gz proteins, as well as through a G protein-independent, β-arrestin/glycogen …

Insufficient plasma insulin levels caused by deficits in both pancreatic β-cell function and
mass contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. This loss of insulin-producing …

G-Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in a myriad of pathways key for human
physiology through the formation of complexes with intracellular partners such as G-proteins …