Abstract Machine learning (ML) involves algorithms learning patterns in large, complex
datasets to predict and classify. Algorithms include neural networks (NN), logistic regression …

Healthcare systems worldwide generate vast amounts of data from many different sources.
Although of high complexity for a human being, it is essential to determine the patterns and …

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques are revolutionizing several
industrial and research fields like computer vision, autonomous driving, natural language …

Neurosurgeons receive extensive and lengthy training to equip themselves with various
technical skills, and neurosurgery require a great deal of pre-, intra-and postoperative …

The recent influx of machine learning centered investigations in the spine surgery literature
has led to increased enthusiasm as to the prospect of using artificial intelligence to create …

Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse
technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of …

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthopaedic surgery has gained mass interest
over the last decade or so. In prior studies, researchers have demonstrated that machine …

The continuous progress of research and clinical trials has offered a wide variety of
information concerning the spine and the treatment of the different spinal pathologies that …

BACKGROUND With spinal surgery rates increasing in North America, models that are able
to accurately predict which patients are at greater risk of developing complications are highly …

Purpose The field of artificial intelligence is ever growing and the applications of machine
learning in spine care are continuously advancing. Given the advent of the intelligence …