Arsenic (As) exerts a wide range of adverse effects on biological systems, including the
reproductive organs in males and females. However, the mechanisms of As-induced …

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely dispersed in the environment because of
human industrial activities. Many studies revealed that Pb could adversely affect several …

Cholestasis is a severe clinical complication that severely damages the liver. Kidneys are
also the most affected extrahepatic organs in cholestasis. The pivotal role of oxidative stress …

As an environmental toxicant, the damage of fluoride to the body has attracted global
attention. Because liver is an essential organ for fluoride accumulation and damage. Our …

Several studies have focused on the high potential effects of probiotics on the reproductive
system. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the ameliorative intracellular …

Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a range of conditions caused by the accumulation of bile
acids (BAs) or disruptions in bile flow, which can harm the liver and bile ducts. To investigate …

Taurine (TAU) is the most abundant free amino acid in the human body. High concentrations
of this amino acid are found in tissues such as the skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex heterogeneous endocrine disease affected
by genetic and environmental factors. In this manuscript, we aimed to describe the …

Lithium (Li+) is prescribed against a wide range of neurological disorders. Besides its
excellent therapeutic properties, there are several adverse effects associated with Li+. The …

Introduction: Cholestasis is the stoppage of bile flow, leading to the accumulation of
potentially cytotoxic bile components in the liver. These cytotoxic molecules affect many …