Cells of all organisms survey problems during translation elongation, which may happen as
a consequence of mRNA aberrations, inefficient decoding, or other sources. In eukaryotes …

Ribosomes that become stalled on truncated or damaged mRNAs during protein synthesis
must be rescued for the cell to survive. Bacteria have evolved a diverse array of rescue …

Upon encountering a stop codon in the aminoacyl site (A site) of the mRNA translating
ribosome, the ribosome recruits a class-1 release factor (RF), which induces hydrolysis of …

T cell stemness and exhaustion coexist as two key contrasting phenomena during chronic
antigen stimulation, such as infection, transplant, cancer, and autoimmunity. T cell …

During stress conditions such as heat shock and antibiotic exposure, ribosomes stall on
messenger RNAs, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis. To remobilize ribosomes …

Rescue of the ribosomes from dead-end translation complexes, such as those on truncated
(non-stop) mRNA, is essential for the cell. Whereas bacteria use trans-translation for …

Escherichia coli has multiple pathways to release nonproductive ribosome complexes
stalled at the 3′ end of nonstop mRNA: tmRNA (SsrA RNA)‐mediated trans‐translation and …

ArfA rescues ribosomes stalled on truncated mRNAs by recruiting release factor RF2, which
normally binds stop codons to catalyze peptide release. We report two 3.2 Å resolution cryo …

Ribosomes that translate mRNAs lacking stop codons become stalled at the 3′ end of the
mRNA. Recycling of these stalled ribosomes is essential for cell viability. In bacteria three …

Ribosomes stalled during translation must be rescued to replenish the pool of translation-
competent ribosomal subunits. Bacterial alternative rescue factor B (ArfB) releases nascent …