Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM s) have contributed significantly to the field of
cancer research. In contrast to cancer cell inoculation models, GEMM s develop de novo …

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites within the body
to establish secondary tumors. Although this is an inefficient process, the consequences are …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has heralded a new era in cancer therapy. Research
into the mechanisms underlying response to ICB has predominantly focused on T cells; …

Cancer-associated systemic inflammation is strongly linked to poor disease outcome in
patients with cancer,. For most human epithelial tumour types, high systemic neutrophil-to …

Metastatic disease remains the primary cause of death for patients with breast cancer. The
different steps of the metastatic cascade rely on reciprocal interactions between cancer cells …

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic subtype of breast
cancer after invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), accounting for 10–15% of all breast cancer …

Recent studies have revealed a role for macrophages and neutrophils in limiting
chemotherapy efficacy; however, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefit of …

Abstract Mu-Opioid Receptors (MORs) are well-known for participating in analgesia,
sedation, drug addiction, and other physiological functions. Although MORs have been …

Cell migration and invasiveness significantly contribute to desirable physiological
processes, such as wound healing or embryogenesis, as well as to serious pathological …

IMMUNE PATHOGENESIS The principal line of defense against cancer cell invasion and
metastasis is established via the host's innate and adaptive immune response. The key …