Ecologists are often interested in answering causal questions from observational data but
generally lack the training to appropriately infer causation. When applying statistical analysis …

There is a growing realization among scientists and policy makers that an increased
understanding of today's environmental issues requires international collaboration and data …

Biodiversity citizen science projects are growing in number, size, and scope, and are
gaining recognition as valuable data sources that build public engagement. Yet publication …

Ecologists often rely on observational data to understand causal relationships. Although
observational causal inference methodologies exist, predictive techniques such as model …

Many authors have suggested that the negative effects of roads on animals are largely
owing to traffic noise. Although suggestive, most past studies of the effects of road noise on …

Building trust in science and evidence-based decision-making depends heavily on the
credibility of studies and their findings. Researchers employ many different study designs …

Temporal trends in insect numbers vary across studies and habitats, but drivers are poorly
understood. Suitable long-term data are scant and biased, and interpretations of trends …

Significant questions remain about how ecosystems that are structured by abiotic stress will
be affected by climate change. Warmer temperatures are hypothesized to shift species along …

Geohistorical data and analyses are playing an increasingly important role in conservation
biology practice and policy. In this review, we discuss examples of how the near-time and …

Background Forest and nonforest ecosystems of the western United States are experiencing
major transformations in response to land-use change, climate warming, and their …