Abstract Language learners in higher education increasingly use out-of-class self-directed
learning facilitated by mobile technology. In order to make informed educational decisions …

Mobile learning (m-learning) has been applied to foreign language education for more than
a decade. Now that the emerging technologies and digital environments for learning have …

Recent developments in natural language processing have led to the creation of large
language models, such as ChatGPT, which could generate human-like text. In this paper, we …

Although fully online learning is now the 'new normal'in many parts of the world, its
implementation is often beset by challenges such as the lack of student self-regulation, and …

Recently, the new-generation-of-game-assisted practicums have been widely utilized in
college language education to reduce the teacher-student psychological distance and …

Education is a process of learning knowledge and skills. Learning English is skill-based
learning that requires diverse approaches and techniques. Current education is much …

While numerous studies of robot-assisted language learning (RALL) for English-as-a-foreign-
language (EFL) learners' language skill development have been done, a comprehensive …

Abstract Machine learning systems are infiltrating our lives and are beginning to become
important in our education systems. This article, developed from a synthesis and analysis of …

The popularization of mobile devices and the Web 2.0 technology provide incredible
chances for diverse social media applications to play significant roles in today's society. As …

Individual interest and self‐regulation are two pillars of self‐directed learning. Despite
empirical evidence on the interaction between the two with respect to academic …