Fungi form a major and diverse component of most ecosystems on Earth. They are both
micro and macroorganisms with high and varying functional diversity as well as great …

Background Tea has been a popular beverage for millennia because of its health benefits
and high-quality flavor and aroma. Oolong tea is a famous Chinese tea known for its elegant …

Individual biotic and abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, high light and herbivore
attack, are well known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds from plants …

Abstract Benzoxazinoids (BXs), such as 2, 4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-3
(4H)-one (DIMBOA), are secondary metabolites in grasses. The first step in BX biosynthesis …

Herbivore damage to leaves and other vegetative tissues often stimulates the emission of
volatile compounds, suggesting that these substances have a role in plant defense. In fact …

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by soil microorganisms influence plant growth
and pathogen resistance. Yet, very little is known about their influence on herbivores and …

Plants emit green leaf volatiles (GLVs) in response to herbivore damage, thereby attracting
predators of the herbivores as part of an indirect defense. The GLV component of this …

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are an ancient form of tissue-derived
danger or alarm signals that initiate cellular signaling cascades, which often initiate defined …

Plants activate local and systemic defence mechanisms upon exposure to stress. This innate
immune response is partially regulated by plant hormones, and involves the accumulation of …

In their natural environment, plants are faced with a multitude of attackers, of which insect
herbivores and plant pathogens are an important component. In response to these attacks …