Combinatorial substitution of phosphate groups on the inositol ring gives rise to a plethora of
inositol phosphates (InsPs) and inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs). These small molecules …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of
tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) molecules in inflammation …

Impairment of innate immune cell function and metabolism underlies immunosuppression in
sepsis; however, a promising therapy to orchestrate this impairment is currently lacking. In …

HIV-associated neurological dysfunction is observed in more than half of the HIV-infected
population, even in the current antiretroviral era. The mechanisms by which HIV mediates …

Abstract Background Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PC), a fungus, has been used for more than
2000 years as a food and medicine in China. It has a very good therapeutic effect for …

Necroptosis plays a major role in breast cancer (BC) progression and metastasis. Besides,
necroptosis also regulates inflammatory response and tumor microenvironment. Here, we …

(1) Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a complex phenotypic
switch in response to atherosclerosis environmental triggers, contributing to atherosclerosis …

Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem that results in fragility fractures, especially in
postmenopausal women. Because the current therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis has …

Excessive bone resorption induced by increased osteoclast activity in postmenopausal
women often causes osteoporosis. Although the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis …

Uncontrolled inflammation occurred in sepsis results in multiple organ injuries and shock,
which contributes to the death of patients with sepsis. However, the regulatory mechanisms …