Semen quality represents a compelling factor for fertility, and delineating the normal values
has proven difficult. In the last four decades, several authors have reported a noticeable …

Recent advancements in the understanding of how sperm develop into offspring have
shown complex interactions between environmental influences and genetic factors. The past …

Endocrine disruptors are synthetic or natural chemicals that can agonize/antagonize
hormone receptors or can interfere with the production and secretion of hormones, leading …

Abstract Background Bisphenol-A (BPA) and parabens are common endocrine-disrupting
compounds (EDCs) that are used extensively in consumer products worldwide and are …

The persistent nature of the herbicide atrazine in the environment and its possible negative
impacts on ecosystems and human health has sparked growing concerns. The diverse …

Purpose This position statement by the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and
Reproductive Medicine (SIFES-MR) aims to establish an optimal framework for fertility …

Abstract The plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most significant phthalate
in production, usage, and environmental occurrence. DEHP is found in products such as …

In brief Toxicological studies better resembling human exposures are needed to improve
risk assessment. This review presents studies examining the impact of low-dose exposure to …

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are present
ubiquitously in the environment. Previous studies suggest that exposure to OPEs is …

The process of mammalian reproduction involves the development of fertile germ cells in the
testis and ovary, supported by the surrounders. Fertilization leads to embryo development …