Purpose of review Tibial torsion is a recognized cause of patellofemoral pain and instability
in the paediatric population; however, it is commonly overlooked in the adult population. The …

Purpose Anterior knee pain is a common musculoskeletal condition amongst young adult
population. Lower extremity structural factors, such as increased femoral anteversion and …

Background: Torsion of the lower extremities has been suggested to be a predisposing
factor for patellar instability. However, no clear torsional factors have been clarified. This …

Background: The importance of total ankle replacement (TAR) implant orientation in the
axial plane is poorly understood with major variation in surgical technique of implants on the …

Accurate, simple, and quick measurement of anatomical deformities at preoperative stage is
clinically important for decision making in surgery planning. The deformities include …

Background: Total ankle replacements (TARs) have higher rates of osteolysis than hip or
knee replacements. It is unclear whether this is a pathologic immunologic process in …

Purpose The aim was to assess the influence of femoral derotational osteotomy on patella
tilt (PT), axial patella engagement (AEI) and tibial tuberosity trochlear groove distance …

Background: Tibial torsion is a twist in the tibia measured as an angle between a proximal
axis line and a distal axis line. Abnormal torsion has been associated with a variety of …

Background: Alignment and rotation of the lower extremities have been suggested to be
predisposing pathologic factors for patellar instability. Purpose: To elucidate the relationship …

Background The alignment of human lower limb has been an area of ongoing study for
decades. The purpose of this study was to analyze the axial and rotational alignment from …