Summary Background Chilblains ('COVID toes') are being seen with increasing frequency in
children and young adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Detailed histopathological …

Pernio or chilblains is characterized by erythema and swelling at acral sites (eg, toes and
fingers), typically triggered by cold exposure. Clinical and histopathologic features of pernio …

Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, several acral chilblain-like
lesions were observed in young patients with suspected, but mostly unconfirmed, infection …

Background Acral chilblain‐like lesions are being increasingly reported during COVID‐19
pandemic. However, only few patients proved positivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The …

Chilblains were first described over a hundred years ago as cutaneous inflammatory
lesions, typically on the digits, occurring on cold exposure. Chilblains can be primary, or …

Objective To further characterize the clinical features, etiologic associations, laboratory
findings, and treatment of pernio. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective review of …

Raynaud's phenomenon, which is characterized by episodic digital pallor, cyanosis and
rubor upon exposure to cold environment or to stress, is relatively common, although the …

Idiopathic chilblain is a relatively common yet poorly recognized acrosyndrome. This
literature review aims to better understand and draw attention to this disorder. Chilblain is a …

Background The abundance of publications of COVID‐19‐induced chilblains has resulted in
a confusing situation. Methods This is a prospective single‐institution study from 15 March to …

Accurate diagnosis of connective tissue diseases is often challenging, and relies upon
careful correlation between clinical and histopathological features, direct …